Impact assessment and protection measures of high dam and large reservoir construction on downstream water ecology and environment
高坝大库建设对下游水生态环境影响评估及保护措施探讨

摘要

高坝大库建设在水资源调配、防洪发电等方面发挥重要作用，但对下游水生态环境产生显著影响。本文通过分析高坝大库对下游水文情势、水质、生物多样性及生态系统服务功能的影响，探讨其潜在生态风险。基于此，提出针对性的保护措施，包括生态流量保障、水质改善、生物栖息地修复及生态监测体系建设。研究表明，科学合理的保护措施可有效缓解高坝大库建设对下游水生态环境的不利影响，为实现水利工程与生态环境的协调发展提供理论依据与实践参考。

Abstract

The construction of high dam and large reservoir plays an important role in water resources allocation, flood control and power generation, but it has a significant impact on the downstream water ecological environment. This paper analyzes the potential ecological risks of high dam reservoir on the downstream hydrological situation, water quality, biodiversity and ecosystem service function. Based on this, targeted protection measures are put forward, including ecological flow guarantee, water quality improvement, biological habitat restoration and ecological monitoring system construction. The research shows that scientific and reasonable protection measures can effectively alleviate the adverse effects of the construction of high dam and large reservoir on the downstream water ecological environment, and provide theoretical basis and practical reference for realizing the coordinated development of water conservancy project and ecological environment.