Regulatory dilemmas and systematic governance in environmental monitoring and hazardous waste disposal
环境监测危险废物处置的监管困境与系统治理

摘要

石油化工行业环境监测过程中产生的危险废物具有成分复杂、毒性显著的特征，其科学处置是生态环境保护的重要环节。本文针对当前危险废物管理存在的鉴别标准模糊、监管体系不健全、技术支撑不足等核心问题，通过实证调研与理论分析，揭示了环境监测危废管理的关键症结。研究发现：（1）危险废物鉴别存在法规交叉性矛盾，重铬酸钾法COD检测废液的毒性浸出浓度（如Cr⁶⁺≥5.7mg/L）与HW21类危废判定阈值存在技术脱节；（2）监测站房设计缺陷导致渗漏风险突出，实证数据显示采用非防渗地板的站点污染物扩散速率提升3.8倍；（3）运输环节违规操作频发，普通车辆运输危废的事故概率较专业运输高67%。基于生命周期理论与清洁生产理念，创新性提出“过程减量-空间优化-技术升级”三维管控体系，构建包含区块链溯源管理、微型废液处理装置（处理效率≥92%）、AI智能分类系统的技术解决方案。研究建议通过完善《国家危险废物名录》定量标准、推行监测-生产协同处置模式、建立智慧监管平台等举措，实现环境监测危废的全流程精细化管控。

Abstract

The hazardous waste generated during the environmental monitoring process in the petrochemical industry is characterized by its complex composition and significant toxicity, making its scientific disposal a crucial aspect of ecological and environmental protection. This paper addresses the core issues in current hazardous waste management, such as ambiguous identification standards, an incomplete regulatory system, and insufficient technical support. Through empirical research and theoretical analysis, the key problems in environmental monitoring waste management have been revealed. The study found that: (1) There are regulatory contradictions in the identification of hazardous waste, with a technological disconnection between the toxicity leaching concentration of waste liquid from COD detection using the potassium dichromate method (e.g., Cr⁶⁺≥5.7mg/L) and the threshold for classifying HW21 hazardous waste; (2) Design flaws in monitoring stations lead to prominent leakage risks, with empirical data showing that the pollutant diffusion rate at sites with non-leak-proof floors increases by 3.8 times; (3) Illegal operations are frequent during transportation, with the accident probability of transporting hazardous waste using ordinary vehicles being 67% higher than that of professional transportation. Based on the life cycle theory and the concept of clean production, an innovative "process reduction - spatial optimization - technology upgrade" three-dimensional management and control system is proposed, along with a technical solution that includes blockchain traceability management, a micro-waste liquid treatment device (treatment efficiency ≥92%), and an AI intelligent classification system. The study suggests that by improving the quantitative standards of the "National Hazardous Waste List", implementing a monitoring-production collaborative disposal model, and establishing an intelligent supervision platform, a refined management and control of the entire process of environmental monitoring hazardous waste can be achieved.