Digital transformation and privacy computing: legal construction of minor crime record sealing system
数字化转型与隐私计算：轻微犯罪记录封存制度的法律建构

摘要

在数字化转型背景下，轻微犯罪记录封存制度面临个人隐私保护与公共安全之间的张力。本文基于隐私计算技术的发展，探讨该制度的合理性与可行性，分析现有封存制度在法律构建与技术应用中的困境，提出以联邦学习、同态加密与差分隐私等技术构建智能封存机制，实现数据安全与司法效率的统一。文章从宪法、刑事诉讼法和比较法维度审视轻微犯罪记录封存的正当性与制度路径，并在立法完善、程序规范、技术规则和权利保障四方面提出构建建议，旨在为中国在法治框架下构建科学、规范、高效、可控的轻微犯罪记录封存机制提供理论支持与制度参考。

Abstract

In the context of digital transformation, the system of sealing minor criminal records faces a tension between personal privacy protection and public safety. This article is based on the development of privacy computing technology, exploring the rationality and feasibility of the system, analyzing the difficulties of the existing sealing system in legal construction and technical application, and proposing the construction of an intelligent sealing mechanism using technologies such as federated learning, homomorphic encryption, and differential privacy to achieve the unity of data security and judicial efficiency. The article examines the legitimacy and institutional path of the sealing of minor criminal records from the perspectives of the Constitution, Criminal Procedure Law, and Comparative Law, and proposes construction suggestions in four aspects: legislative improvement, procedural norms, technical rules, and rights protection. The aim is to provide theoretical support and institutional reference for China to build a scientific, standardized, efficient, and controllable mechanism for sealing minor criminal records under the framework of the rule of law.