Mining Engineering and Resource Development
Mining Engineering and Resource Development. 2025; 1: (1) ; 10.12208/j.merd.20250005 .
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Shelfoil Petroleum Equipment & Services Co., Ltd., Dezhou, Shandong
*通讯作者： Qingning Ye,单位：Shelfoil Petroleum Equipment & Services Co., Ltd., Dezhou, Shandong；
油基钻井液因其耐高温、抗盐类钙侵及优异的润滑性能，在页岩气钻井中具有显著优势。本文选取油酸和四乙烯五胺作为关键原料，通过酰胺化反应再进行微交联聚合，研制出耐温高达180℃的主乳化剂，并对辅助乳化剂、有机黏土、降滤失剂、润湿剂等关键添加剂进行评价和优选，优选出适合页岩气井开发条件、乳化性能稳定的油基钻井液体系：2.5%主乳化剂+2.5%辅助乳化剂+1%润湿剂+2~4%有机黏土+5%降滤失剂+3% CaO +重晶石。最终获得密度为1.5~1.9 g/cm³、油水比为80∶20、耐温高达180℃的钻井液体系，经180℃陈化16 h后，破乳电压在1000V以上，流变性良好，高温高压滤失量小于10 mL，180℃静置5 d后沉降稳定性优良。
Oil-based drilling fluids have significant advantages in shale gas drilling due to their high-temperature resistance, resistance to calcium invasion from salts, and excellent lubrication properties. This paper selects oleic acid and tetraethylenepentamine as two key raw materials, and develops a primary emulsifier capable of withstanding temperatures up to 180℃ through a process of amide reaction followed by micro-crosslinking polymerization. Additionally, it evaluates and selects key additives such as secondary emulsifiers, organic clays, fluid loss reducers, and wetting agents. A stable oil-based drilling fluid system with emulsification performance suitable for shale gas well development conditions is optimized: 2.5% primary emulsifier + 2.5% secondary emulsifier + 1% wetting agent + 2~4% organic clay + 5% fluid loss reducer + 3% CaO + barite. Ultimately, a drilling fluid system with a density of 1.5~1.9 g/cm³, an oil-water ratio of 80:20 and a temperature resistance of up to 180℃ is obtained. After aging at 180℃ for 16 hours, the demulsification voltage is above 1000V, the rheological properties are good, the high-temperature high-pressure fluid loss is less than 10 mL, and the sedimentation stability is excellent after standing for 5 days at 180℃.
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