High-performance UHF GIS partial discharge sensor: design improvements and performance evaluation
高性能UHF GIS局放传感器：设计改进与性能评估

摘要

UHF（特高频）局放传感器通过捕捉GIS内部局部放电的超高频电磁波信号实现监测，但由于传统的GIS内置UHF传感器灵敏度性能不够高，导致实际应用中存在有效性不足的问题。本文提出一种新的设计方案，采用双层阻抗匹配环和梯度渐变天线振子，实现双谐振点特性，展宽频带并增强接收能力。仿真与实验表明，该设计显著提升GIS 传感器频响特性，平均有效高度提升了58%；最低有效高度提升了100%，传感器检测灵敏度可达到3pC，有效解决了应用中检测有效性问题。

Abstract

Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) partial discharge sensors monitor Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) by capturing internal ultra-high frequency electromagnetic wave signals generated by partial discharges. However, traditional built-in UHF sensors in GIS suffer from insufficient sensitivity, leading to limited effectiveness in practical applications. This paper proposes a novel design incorporating dual-layer impedance matching rings and gradient-tapered antenna dipoles to achieve dual-resonance characteristics, thereby broadening the frequency bandwidth and enhancing signal reception capability. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that this design significantly improves the frequency response characteristics of GIS sensors, with an average effective height increased by 58% and the minimum effective height elevated by 100%. The sensor achieves a detection sensitivity of 3 pC, effectively resolving application challenges related to detection reliability.