The core essence, main content and enlightenment of Neil's "free" educational thought—— Based on the interpretation of "The Summer Hill School"
尼尔“自由”教育思想的核心要义、主要内容与启示——基于《夏山学校》的解读

摘要

《夏山学校》集中反映了尼尔的自由教育思想，尼尔的“自由”教育思想主要体现在不妨碍他人的情况下，儿童可以做自己想做的任何事情，并为之保持一度的自律。文章系统的阐述了尼尔“自由”教育思想并引述《夏山学校》中的教育案例，探讨了“自由”教育的理念与实践，对我国幼儿教育具有重要的启示：一是教育宗旨应坚持以人为本，关注儿童全面发展；二是教育目的应坚持追求幸福，培养自由儿童；三是教育原则应坚持自由与自然一体，守护儿童天性；四是教育方法应坚持因材施教，开展民主自治；五是教育途径应坚持游戏为主，实施多样化教学，以期为我国幼儿教育注入新的改革与发展思路。

Abstract

"Summer Hill School" focuses on Neil's free education thought, and Neil's "free" education thought is mainly reflected in which children can do whatever they want and maintain self-discipline. This paper systematically expounds the "freedom" and quotes the educational cases in "Summer Hill School". It discusses the idea and practice of "freedom" education, and has important enlightenment for the early childhood education in China: first, the educational purpose should focus on the comprehensive development of children; the freedom and nature; fourth, democratic autonomy; the diversified teaching should be used to inject new reform and development ideas into the early childhood education in China.