The value of cell wax block preparation technique in pathological examination of pleural effusion
细胞蜡块制片技术用于胸腔积液病理检查的价值

摘要

目的 分析胸腔积液病理检查中采用细胞蜡块制片技术的应用价值。方法 收集2023年1月至11月本院病理细胞室经细胞病理诊断后剩余的胸腔积液标本，选取40例诊断可见肿瘤细胞者，分为参考组（传统涂片技术）及实验组（细胞蜡块制片技术），每组20例，对比两组制片效果、诊断结果。结果 参考组局部涂片厚薄不均，其中14例可见肿瘤细胞，6例未见肿瘤细胞，诊断有效率为70.00%，实验组切片背景干净，其中19例可见肿瘤细胞，1例未见肿瘤细胞，诊断有效率为95.00%。由此可见，实验组诊断有效率高于参考组（P＜0.05）。免疫组织化学技术联合细胞蜡块制片技术的分型诊断结果显示，腺癌占比63.15%，鳞癌、小细胞癌、恶性间皮瘤、恶性间皮瘤、其他类型肿瘤均为5.26%，无法确定为15.80%。结论 胸腔积液病理检查中采用细胞蜡块制片技术的诊断有效率相比较传统涂片技术更高，且能长期保存，重复切片，用于多项其他检查，此种方法值得推广和优化。

Abstract

Objective To analyze the application value of using cell wax block technique in pathological examination of pleural effusion.
Methods Collect the remaining pleural effusion samples from the pathology cell room of our hospital from January to November 2023 after cellular pathology diagnosis. Select 40 cases with visible tumor cells diagnosed and divide them into a reference group (traditional smear technique) and an experimental group (cell wax block technique), with 20 cases in each group. Compare the effectiveness and diagnostic results of the two groups.
Results The local smear thickness of the reference group was uneven, with 14 cases showing tumor cells and 6 cases showing no tumor cells, with a diagnostic effective rate of 70.00%. The experimental group had clean slice backgrounds, with 19 cases showing tumor cells and 1 case showing no tumor cells, with a diagnostic effective rate of 95.00%. It can be seen that the diagnostic efficiency of the experimental group is higher than that of the reference group (P<0.05). The classification diagnosis results of immunohistochemistry combined with cell wax block preparation technology showed that adenocarcinoma accounted for 63.15%, while squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, malignant mesothelioma, malignant mesothelioma, and other types of tumors all accounted for 5.26%, which cannot be determined as 15.80%.
Conclusion   The diagnostic effectiveness of using cell wax block technique in pathological examination of pleural effusion is higher than that of traditional smear technique, and it can be preserved for a long time, repeated sectioning, and used for multiple other examinations. This method is worth promoting and optimizing.