Analysis of pathogenic bacteria distribution and risk factors of wound infection after bone and joint operation
骨关节术后伤口感染病原菌分布及危险因素分析

摘要

目的 以接受骨关节手术的患者为研究对象，分析术后伤口感染病原菌分布情况并就相关影响因素进行分析。方法 选取928例自2021年1月至2023年12月在本院骨科接受骨关节手术的患者，依照术后是否发生伤口感染将其分为感染组和非感染组，分析骨关节术后伤口感染病原菌分布情况及伤口感染危险因素。结果 术后伤口感染患者共计21例，分离出病原菌株52株，革兰阳性菌占71.15%，革兰阴性菌占25.00%，真菌占3.85%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明年龄≥65岁、长期应用激素、手术时间≥2h为骨关节术后伤口感染危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 骨关节手术伤口感染病原菌以革兰阳性菌为主，感染危险因素包括年龄≥65岁、长期应用激素、手术时间≥2h。

Abstract

Objective To analyze the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in postoperative wound infection and related influencing factors in patients undergoing bone and joint surgery.
Methods 928 patients who underwent bone and joint surgery in the Department of Orthopedics of our hospital from January 2021 to December 2023 were selected and divided into infected group and non-infected group according to whether wound infection occurred after surgery. The distribution of pathogenic bacteria and risk factors of wound infection after bone and joint surgery were analyzed.
Results In 21 patients with postoperative wound infection, 52 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated. Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 71.15%, gram-negative bacteria accounted for 25.00%, and fungi accounted for 3.85%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥65 years, long-term use of hormones, and operation time ≥2 hours were risk factors for postoperative wound infection (P<0.05).
Conclusion   The main pathogens of wound infection in bone and joint surgery are gram-positive bacteria. The risk factors of infection include age ≥65 years, long-term use of hormones, and operation time ≥2h.