Gender differences in clinical comorbidities of overweight and obese people
超重肥胖人群临床合并症性别差异研究

摘要

目的 研究超重肥胖人群性别差异与临床合并症、并发症的关系，为指导相关人群进行体重管理提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2022年1月到5月在宁波大学附属第一医院健康管理中心进行健康体检的所有体重指数BMI≥24kg/m2的人群，年龄18-92岁，分为男女两组进行比较，其中男性1188例，占71.57%，女性472例，占28.43%，研究该类人群临床合并症、并发症的发生率与性别的关系。结果 运用χ2检验对两组超重和肥胖的发生率进行比较，发现男性肥胖的发生概率高于女性（P <0.05）；企业单位的男性发生超重、肥胖的概率大于其他职业（P <0.001）；男性合并有脂肪肝和高尿酸血症的比率高于女性（P <0.001）；两组高血压、高血糖、甲状腺结节、肺结节、胆囊息肉和结石、颈动脉斑块形成等疾病的患病率差异均无统计学意义。男性组甘油三酯增高明显多于女性组（P <0.001）；男性低密度脂蛋白增高的比率多于女性（P <0.05）；同型半胱氨酸增高的比率男性多于女性（P <0.01）。两组总胆固醇、淀粉样蛋白比较，差异无统计学意义。结论 在超重、肥胖人群中，男性血清甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、血清同型半胱氨酸增高明显多于女性；提示男性比女性更易发展成肥胖体型，易伴发脂肪肝、高尿酸血症及各种心脑血管疾病。男性更应注意体重管理，改变生活习惯、避免过多摄入食物、远离PM2.5超标环境、多运动、避免长时间静态体位、减少使用电子产品。

Abstract

Objective To study the relationship between gender differences in overweight and obese people and clinical comorbidities and complications, so as to provide basis for guiding relevant people to manage weight.
Methods A retrospective analysis of all people with a BMI ≥ 24kg/m2 who underwent health checkup at the Health Management Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University from January to May 2022, aged 18-92, was divided into male and female groups for comparison Among them, there were 1188 male cases, accounting for 71.57%, and 472 female cases, accounting for 28.43%. The relationship between clinical complications and the incidence of complications and gender was studied.
Results Using the χ2 test to compare the incidence of overweight and obesity between the two groups, it was found that the incidence of obesity in men was higher than that in women (P <0.05); the probability of overweight and obesity in men in business units was higher than that in other occupations (P <0.001) ; The ratio of men with fatty liver and hyperuricemia was higher than that of women (P<0.001); diseases such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, thyroid nodules, lung nodules, gallbladder polyps and stones, and carotid plaque formation in both groups The differences in prevalence rates were not statistically significant. The increase of triglyceride in the male group was significantly more than that in the female group (P <0.001); the increase in low-density lipoprotein was more in male than in female (P<0.05); the increase in homocysteine was more in male than in female (P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in total cholesterol and amyloid between the two groups.
Conclusion   Among overweight and obese people, men's serum triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and homocysteine increase significantly more than women's, suggesting that men are more likely than women to develop obesity, fatty liver, and high uric acid Hyperemia and various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Men should pay more attention to weight management, change their living habits, avoid excessive intake of food, stay away from environments with excessive PM2.5, exercise more, avoid prolonged static positions, and reduce the use of electronic products.