Clinical characteristics and risk factors analysis of neonatal infection
新生儿感染的临床特征与危险因素分析

摘要

目的 对新生儿感染的临床特征与危险因素进行探究。方法 于2021年1月－2023年1月在我院发生感染的新生儿中选择40例作为探究对象，将其划分为实验组，并同期选择40例健康的新生儿作为对照组，对感染的新生儿性别、胎龄、感染位置、临床疾病、药物实验等临床资料进行统计调查，对新生儿感染的临床特征以及危险因素进行分析。结果 在新生儿中，常见的感染位置分别是胃肠道、呼吸道以及口腔等，其占比分别是20.0%、45.0%以及15.0%，一共分离出87株病原菌，其中占比最高的是革兰阴性菌，占比为60.0%。通过多因素logistic回归分析调查，导致新生儿感染的危险因素主要有新生儿体重比较轻、剖宫产、机械通气以及住院周期长等，（P < 0.05）。结论 通过对新生儿体重、分娩方式、住院时间、机械通气等危险因素的调查，采取对应的防护措施，从根源上减少新生儿感染发生率。

Abstract

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and risk factors of neonatal infection.
Methods From January 2021 to January 2023, 40 newborns who were infected in our hospital were selected as the research subjects and divided into an experimental group. At the same time, 40 healthy newborns were selected as the control group. Clinical data such as gender, gestational age, infection location, clinical diseases, and drug experiments of the infected newborns were statistically investigated, and the clinical characteristics and risk factors of neonatal infection were analyzed.
Results In newborns, the common infection sites were the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and oral cavity, accounting for 20.0%, 45.0%, and 15.0%, respectively. A total of 87 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, with the highest proportion being Gram negative bacteria, accounting for 60.0%. Through multivariate logistic regression analysis, it was found that the main risk factors for neonatal infection include relatively light birth weight, cesarean section, mechanical ventilation, and long hospital stay (P<0.05).
Conclusion   By investigating risk factors such as newborn weight, delivery method, hospital stay, and mechanical ventilation, corresponding protective measures can be taken to reduce the incidence of neonatal infection at the root.