International Journal of Clinical Research
International Journal of Clinical Research. 2023; 7: (1) ; 10.12208/j.ijcr.20230010 .
总浏览量: 397
昆明医科大学 云南昆明
中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九二〇医院 云南昆明
*通讯作者： 潘险峰,单位：中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九二〇医院 云南昆明；
常用局麻药据其化学结构可分为酯类和酰胺类。目前，大多数局部麻醉是使用酰胺类进行的。而利多卡因被认为是酰胺局部麻醉剂的原型。其以起效迅速，药效持续时间适中，过敏最少等的优点得以广泛应用。但是，近年来有关利多卡因不良反应（ADR）的报道逐渐增多，使得其受到广泛关注，在对ADR发生因素进行探究的过程中，得出结论对局麻药的真正过敏反应极为罕见，不到所有局麻药ADR的1%。因此，本文将对利多卡因过敏的流行病学、致敏原因、临床表现、评估及相关诊断方法展开如下综述。
Commonly used local anesthetics can be divided into esters and amides according to their chemical structures. Currently, most are performed with amide anesthetics. Lidocaine is considered to be the prototype of amide local anesthetics. It has been widely used due to its advantages such as working quickly, moderate duration of drug effect, and least allergies. However, in recent years, reports of adverse reactions(ADR) to lidocaine have gradually increased, which has attracted widespread attention. During the process of investigation, it was found that true allergic reactions to local anesthetics are extremely rare, Less than 1% of all local anaesthetic ADRs. Therefore, the epidemiology, sensitization causes, clinical manifestations, evaluation and related diagnostic methods of lidocaine allergy are reviewed as follows.
[1] Weinberg L , Peake B , Chong T , et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lignocaine: A review[J]. World Journal of Anesthesiology, 2015(02):17-29.
[2] Rahimi M , Elmi M , Hassanianmoghaddam H , et al. Acute Lidocaine Toxicity: a Case Series[J]. Emergency, 2018, 6(1):e38.
[3] Hermanns H , Hollmann M W , Stevens M F , et al. Molecular mechanisms of action of systemic lidocaine in acute and chronic pain: a narrative review[J]. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2019, 123( 3):335-349.
[4] Karnina R , Arif S K , Hatta M , et al. Molecular mechanisms of lidocaine[J]. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 2021, 69:102733.
[5] Torp K D , Simon L V . Toxicity, Lidocaine. 2018.
[6] Bhole M V , Manson A L , Seneviratne S L , et al. IgE-mediated allergy to local anaesthetics: separating fact from perception: a UK perspective[J]. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2012, 108(6):903-911.
[7] Kvisselgaard AD, Mosbech HF, Fransson S, Garvey LH. Risk of Immediate-Type Allergy to Local Anesthetics Is Overestimated-Results from 5 Years of Provocation Testing in a Danish Allergy Clinic. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2018 Jul-Aug;6(4):1217-1223.
[8] Bahar E, Yoon H. Lidocaine: A Local Anesthetic, Its Adverse Effects and Management[J]. Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Jul 30;57(8):782.
[9] Kvisselgaard AD , Krøigaard M , Mosbech H F , et al. No cases of perioperative allergy to local anaesthetics in the Danish Anaesthesia Allergy Centre[J]. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2016, 61(2):149-155.
[10] Zuo J , Gong R , Liu X , et al. Risk of True Allergy to Local Anesthetics: 10-Year Experience from an Anesthesia Allergy Clinic in China[J]. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 2020, Volume 16:1297-1303.
[11] Al-Dosary K , Al-Qahtani A , Alangari A. Anaphylaxis to lidocaine with tolerance to articaine in a 12year old girl[J]. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 2014, 22(3):280-282.
[12] Lopes J B , Ferreira A R , Sousa M J , et al. Anaphylactic Shock to Lidocaine: A Rare Case Report with Evaluation of Cross-Reactivity among Local Anesthetics[J]. Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology, 2020, 31(5).
[13] Philippa D , Smith S D . Biting down on the truth: A case of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to lidocaine[J]. Australasian Journal of Dermatology, 2019 Feb; 60(1): 66-67.
[14] Voorberg A N, Schuttelaar M L A . A case of postoperative bullous allergic contact dermatitis due to injection with lidocaine[J]. Contact Dermatitis, 2019 Oct;81(4):304-306.
[15] Neha, Sanan, Jenny, et al. Delayed and protracted allergic reaction to oral lidocaine.[J]. Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology Official Publication of the American College of Allergy Asthma & Immunology, 2019 Oct; 123(4): 413-414.
[16] Anna, Janas-Naze, Piotr, et al. The incidence of lidocaine allergy in dentists: an evaluation of 100 general dental practitioners.[J]. International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health, 2019 Jun 14; 32(3): 333-339.
[17] Ring J , Franz R , Brockow K . Anaphylactic reactions to local anesthetics.[J]. Chemical Immunology & Allergy, 2010, 95:190-200.
[18] Castelain F , Castelain M . Parabens: a real hazard or a scare story?[J]. European Journal of Dermatology, 2012 Nov-Dec;22(6):723-7.
[19] J García‐Gavín, Parente J , Goossens A . Allergic contact dermatitis caused by sodium metabisulfite: a challenging allergen. A case series and literature review[J]. Contact Dermatitis, 2012, 67(5):260–269.
[20] Goss A N , Sambrook P. Severe adverse reactions to dental local anaesthetics: systemic reactions[J]. Australian Dental Journal, 2011, 56(4):445-445.
[21] Stefan W , Caroline M , Christina A , et al. Local Anesthetics, Procaine, Lidocaine, and Mepivacaine Show Vasodilatation but No Type 1 Allergy: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study[J]. Biomed Research International, 2017, 2017:1-9.
[22] Chan T . Fatal anaphylactic reactions to lignocaine[J]. Forensic science international, 2016, 266:449-452.
[23] Lieberman, Phillip L. Recognition and First-Line Treatment of Anaphylaxis[J]. American Journal of Medicine, 2014, 127(1):S6-S11.
[24] Stone S F , Phillips E J , Wiese M D, et al. Immediate-type hypersensitivity drug reactions[J]. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2014, 78(1).
[25] Kuruvilla M , Khan D A . Anaphylaxis to drugs[J]. Immunology & Allergy Clinics of North America, 2015, 35(2):303-319.
[26] Kalkan I K , Buhari G K , Ates H , et al. Identification of Risk Factors and Cross-Reactivity of Local Anesthetics Hypersensitivity: Analysis of 14-Years' Experience[J]. Journal of Asthma and Allergy, 2021, Volume 14:47-58.
[27] Post TW.Allergic Reactions to Local Anesthetics. Waltham, MA: UpToDate; 2020.
[28] Trautmann A, Stoevesandt J. Differential diagnosis of late-type reactions to injected local anaesthetics: Inflammation at the injection site is the only indicator of allergic hypersensitivity. [J]. Contact Dermatitis. 2019 Feb;80(2):118-124.
[29] Naranjo CA, Busto U, Sellers EM, et al.A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions[J]. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 1981 Aug; 30(2): 239-45.
[30] Rawat BPS, Jagannatha A, Liu F, et al. Inferring ADR causality by predicting the Naranjo Score from Clinical Notes[J].. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2021 Jan 25; 2020: 1041-1049.
[31] Saito M , Abe M , Furukawa T , et al. Study on Patients Who Underwent Suspected Diagnosis of Allergy to Amide-Type Local Anesthetic Agents by the Leukocyte Migration Test[J]. Allergology International, 2014, 63( 2):267-277.
[32] Corbo MD, Weber E, DeKoven J. Lidocaine Allergy: Do Positive Patch Results Restrict Future Use?[J] Dermatitis. 2016 Mar-Apr;27(2):68-71.
[33] Furci F , Martina S , Faccioni P , et al. Adverse reaction to local anaesthetics: Is it always allergy?[J]. Oral Diseases, 2020, 26(6).
[34] Mertes PM, Tajima K, Regnier-Kimmoun MA, et al. Perioperative anaphylaxis[J]. Med Clin North Am. 2010 Jul;94(4):761-89.
[35] Trautmann A , Goebeler M , Stoevesandt J . Twenty Years' Experience with Anaphylaxis-Like Reactions to Local Anesthetics: Genuine Allergy is Rare[J]. Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology in Practice, . 2018 Nov-Dec;6(6):2051-2058.
[36] Xin X, Zou Y, Xing L, et al. Investigation of drugs responsible for perioperative anaphylactic reactions using cellular allergen stimulation test.[J]. Chin Med J (Engl). 2014;127(21):3738-43.
[37] Hoffmann H J , Santos A F , Mayorga C , et al. The clinical utility of basophil activation testing in diagnosis and monitoring of allergic disease[J]. Allergy, 2015, 70(11):1393-405.
[38] Eberlein B, Wigand S, Lewald H,et al. Utility of basophil activation testing to assess perioperative anaphylactic reactions in real-world practice[J]. Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2017Dec;5(4):416-420.
[39] Mayorga C, Celik G, Rouzaire P, et al. In vitro tests for Drug Allergy Task Force of EAACI Drug Interest Group. In vitro tests for drug hypersensitivity reactions: an ENDA/EAACI Drug Allergy Interest Group position paper[J]. Allergy. 2016 Aug;71(8):1103-34.
[40] Laguna JJ, Archilla J, Doña I, et al. Practical Guidelines for Perioperative Hypersensitivity Reactions[J]. Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology, 2018, 28(4):216-232.
[41] González-de-Olano, álvarez-Twose. Mast Cells as Key Players in Allergy and Inflammation.[J]. Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology, 2018 Dec;28(6):365-378.
[42] Berroa F, Lafuente A, Javaloyes G,et al. The usefulness of plasma histamine and different tryptase cut-off points in the diagnosis of peranaesthetic hypersensitivity reactions [J]. Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2014 Feb; 44(2): 270-7.