Risk factors and preventive measures for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis
下肢深静脉血栓形成的危险因素和预防措施

摘要

目的 探讨脊柱手术术后并发下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）的因素。方法 以100例脊柱手术患者为对象，依据患者术后 DVT 发生情况分为 DVT 组（n=39）和非 DVT 组（n=161）。收集患者一般资料及手术相关资料，分析影响患者术后并发 DVT 的因素。结果 DVT 组与非 DVT 组在在年龄、体重指数、糖尿病、凝血四项、术中输血史、手术时间、术中失血量及术后卧床时间方面比较差异显著（P<0.05）。Logostic 回归分析结果显示年龄（OR=5.182）、凝血四项（OR=7.477）、输血史（OR=4.010）、失血量（OR=5.708）、术后卧床时间（OR=5.445）为脊柱术后发生 DVT 的危险因素。结论 脊柱术后并发下肢 DVT的风险较高，高龄、凝血功能异常、术中失血量增加、围术期输血及术后卧床时间延长均与术后 DVT 关系密切。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the factors of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of lower extremity after spinal surgery.
Methods A total of 100 spinal surgery patients were divided into DVT group (n=39) and non-DVT group (n=161) according to the incidence of postoperative DVT. The general data and surgery-related data of the patients were collected, and the influencing factors of postoperative DVT were analyzed.
Results There were significant differences between DVT group and non-DVT group in age, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, blood coagulation, history of intraoperative blood transfusion, operation time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative bed rest time (P<0.05). Logostic regression analysis showed that age (OR=5.182), blood coagulation (OR=7.477), blood transfusion history (OR=4.010), blood loss (OR=5.708) and postoperative bed rest time (OR=5.445) were risk factors for DVT after spinal surgery.
Conclusion  s The risk of lower extremity DVT after spinal surgery is high. Advanced age, abnormal coagulation function, increased blood loss, perioperative blood transfusion and prolonged postoperative bed rest are closely related to postoperative DVT.