The effect of B-ultrasound in the diagnosis of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in hypertensive patients
B超检查诊断高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的效果探究

摘要

目的 探讨B超检查诊断高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的效果。方法 收集2019年1月至2022年1月在我院就诊的原发性高血压患者106例作为研究对象，采用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪进行检查，统计106例患者动脉粥样硬化斑块检出率、不同年龄或不同病史颈动脉壁正常占比、颈动脉壁内膜增厚占比、颈动脉壁斑块形成占比。结果 106例患者经过B超检查后，共检查出动脉粥样硬化斑块37例，检出率为34.91%（37/106），其中扁平斑块有18例，占比48.65%，软斑有9例，占比24.32%，硬斑有7例，占比18.92%，溃疡斑有3例，占比8.11%。60岁以下组和60岁以上组，其中60岁以下组60例，60岁以上组46例。60岁以下组颈动脉壁正常占比51.67%明显高于60岁以上组，60岁以下组颈动脉壁内膜增厚占比16.67%显著低于60岁以上组（2=18.218，P<0.001；2=7.583，P=0.006），两组颈动脉壁斑块形成占比比较，P>0.05。3～15年组65例，16～25年组41例。3～15年组患者颈动脉壁正常占比47.69%明显高于16～25年组（2=14.125，P<0.001）两组在颈动脉壁内膜增厚占比、颈动脉壁斑块形成占比方面比较，P>0.05。结论 颈动脉粥样硬化斑块是引起高血压靶器官损伤的标志之一，高血压又是颈动脉结构及功能异常的关键因素之一，采用B超检查颈动脉粥样硬化斑块，有利于及时判断患者病情，具有一定诊断价值。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the effect of B-ultrasound in the diagnosis of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in hypertensive patients.
Methods A total of 106 patients with essential hypertension who were treated in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2022 were collected as the research objects, and were examined by color Doppler ultrasound. The incidence rate, the proportion of normal carotid artery wall in different ages or different medical history, the proportion of carotid artery intimal thickening, and the proportion of carotid artery wall plaque formation.
Results After B-ultrasound examination in 106 patients, a total of 37 atherosclerotic plaques were detected, and the detection rate was 34.91% (37/106). Among them, 18 were flat plaques, accounting for 48.65%, and 48.65% were soft plaques. There were 9 cases, accounting for 24.32%, 7 cases of hard plaque, accounting for 18.92%, and 3 cases of ulcerative plaque, accounting for 8.11%. Groups under 60 years old and groups over 60 years old, including 60 cases under 60 years old group and 46 cases over 60 years old group. The proportion of normal carotid artery wall in the group under 60 years old was 51.67%, which was significantly higher than that in the group over 60 years old. 0.001; χ2=7.583, P=0.006), the proportion of plaque formation in the carotid artery wall between the two groups was compared, P>0.05. There were 65 cases in the 3-15 year group and 41 cases in the 16-25 year group. The proportion of normal carotid wall in the 3-15 year group was 47.69%, which was significantly higher than that in the 16-25 year group (χ2=14.125, P<0.001). Compared with the proportion of formation, P>0.05.
Conclusion   Carotid atherosclerotic plaque is one of the signs of target organ damage in hypertension, and hypertension is one of the key factors of carotid artery structural and functional abnormalities. Using B-ultrasound to detect carotid atherosclerotic plaque is beneficial to Timely diagnosis of the patient's condition has certain diagnostic value.